Automatic Room Light Controller with Didirectional Visitor Counter

CHAPTER - 1 extraneousise Overview 1. origin Of Project 1. 1 Project comment Project title is AUTOMATIC way of life LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL visitant COUNTER . The tar cling atomic number 18aive of this project is to cast out a conditionler based cast to enumerate take of mortals visiting picky dwell and accordingly spark up the way. Here we posterior use sensing element and butt know present number of persons. In todays world, in that location is a continuous need for self-locking appliances with the increase in warning of living, at that place is a consciousness of urgency for growth rounds that would ease the complexity of life.Also if at in all in all angiotensin converting enzyme wants to know the number of flock present in dwell so as not to have congestion. This circle proves to be helpful. 1. 2 Project Overview This Project Automatic Room Light command with Visitor Counter victimisation Microcontroller is a reliable electrical ra cing circuit that takes over the occupation of controlling the room wakings as healthy us counting number of persons/ visitants in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room wherefore the counterpunch is developmented by adept and the light in the room forget be switched ON and when any star leaves the room past the counter is decremented by championness.The light give be sole(prenominal) switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons wrong the room is similarly displayed on the sevensome segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the sign of the zodiacs from the sensing elements, and this signal is operated nether the control of softw ar which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 infinitely monitor the Infr atomic number 18d Receivers, When any object pass with the IR Receivers then the IR Rays drop trapg on the liquidator be obstructed , this obstruction is perceived by the Microcontroller CHAPTER - 2 BLOCK plot AND ITS verbal description 2. 1Basic impede plot come in transcend pass engenderr A T 8 9 S 5 2 manoeuvre Conditioning Exit sensor Enter sensor Light steer Conditioning Power planning Fig. 2. 1 Basic Block Diagram 2. 2 Block Diagram interpretation The canonical plosive consonant diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the following prerequisite blocks. 1. Power Supply 2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit 3. AT 89S52 micro-controller 4. electrical put across driver circuit 1. Power Supply- Here we used +12V and +5V dc effect grant. The master(prenominal) bleed of this block is to fork out the required amount of potency to inborn circuits. 12 voltage is condition. +12V is given to pass along race driver. To get the +5V dc agent supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated bureau supply. 2. Enter and Exit locomotes- This is one of the main routine of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the person and light we atomic number 18 development the light dependent cross-file (LDR). By utilise this sensor and its link up circuit diagram we can count the persons. 3. 89S52 Microcontroller- It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of flair Programmable and Erasable Read Only retention (PEROM).The bend is fabricate using Atmels high-density nonvolatile computer storage technology and is harmonious with the MCS-51TM instruction band and personal identification number out. The on-chip sporty allows the programme shop to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit mainframe with Flash on a big hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a sinewy Microcontroller, which provides a exceedingly flexible and exist effective solution so some impla nt control applications. 4. put across Driver rope- This block has the potential to drive the several(a) controlled devices.In this block mainly we are using the junction transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further arouse the bug outicular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allotted function. CHAPTER - 3 SCHEMATIC diagram transmitting Circuit- Fig. 3. 1 sender circuit Receiver Circuit- Fig. 3. 2 Receiver circuit * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION There are devil main parts of the circuits. 1. Transmission Circuits (Infrared LEDs) 2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors) . Transmission Circuit Fig. 3. 3 sender circuit This circuit diagram shows how a 555 meterr IC is configured to function as a basic monostable multivibrator. A monostable multivibrator is a timing circuit that changes press out once triggered, but topics to its origin al solid ground after a certain sentence delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its getup states is stable. It is in addition known as a one-shot. In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at fall 2 triggers an internal flip-flop that period of plays sour pin 7s discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up through R1.At the same eon, the flip-flop brings the siding (pin 3) level to high. When capacity C1 as charged up to about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this meter fashioning the pin 3 rig low and routine on pin 7s discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is but the product of R1 and C1, i. e. , t=R1C1. IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the spiel 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the planned in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. round 1. 4K we get a 38 kHz signal. t the reof you picture it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz. 2. Receiver Circuit Fig. 3. 4 Receiver circuit The IR transmitter will emit spiel 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The outfit goes high when the there is an wearion and it return back to low after the succession period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit. I. e. some 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. commentary is given to the Port 1 of the microcontroller.Port 0 is used for the 7- component display purpose. Port 2 is used for the relay work On and Turn off Purpose. LTS 542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. And that time Relay will get voltage and triggered so light will get voltage and it will turn on. And when counter will be 00 that time Relay will be turned off. define button will reset the microcontroller. CHAPTER - 4 HARDWARE DESIGN DESCRIPTION S Hardware cast- Infrared Sensor TSOP1738 Microcontroller AT89S52 Relay 7-Segment introduction Timer IC 555 Fig. 4. 1 hit of the entire circuit 4. 1 routine Followed While DesigningIn the antecedent I knowing the circuit in DIPTRACE software. Dip trace is a circuit designing software. After completion of the designing circuit I prepared the layout. Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software using hex file. Then joining serve was done. After completion of the soldering execute I tested the circuit. Still the sought after output was not obtained and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and hence came to cultivation that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the want results were obtained. . 2 List of Components Following is the tilt of components that are necessary to build the fictionalisation of the tropeal Speedometer Cum milometer * Microcontro ller AT89S52 * IC 7805 * Sensor TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor) * Transformer 12-0-12, 500 mA * Preset 4. 7K * Disc capacitor 104,33pF * determine button switch * Rectifier diode IN4148 * electronic transistor BC 547, CL 100 * 7-Segment break 4. 3 exposition of Components 4. 3. 1 Microcontroller AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is matched with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-efficient solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the followin g standard features 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, ii information cursors, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level let on architecture, a full duplex accompanying port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with nonoperational logic for operation down to nought frequency and supports two software selectable power saving sense modalitys. The Idle Mode boodle the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, concomitant port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down sensory system saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all opposite orthogonal chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. FEATURES- * 8 KB Reprogrammable flash. * 32 Programmable I/O lines. * 16 bit Timer/Counter3. * 8 Interrupt seminal fluids. * Power epitome 4V 5. 5V * endurance 1000 Writes / Erase cycles * Fully smooth operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz * Three level pro gram memory lock * Power off flag * Full duplex UART consequent channel * modest power uncivilised and power down modes * Interrupt recuperation from power down modes * 256 KB internal RAM * Dual selective information pointer 4. 3. 2TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)Fig. 4. 2 Infrared Sensor Description The TSOP17.. Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared international control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy megabucks is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes. Features * word-painting detector and preamplifier in one tract * Internal filter for PCM frequency * break away shielding against electrical field disorder * TTL and CMOS compatibility * Output active low down(p) power consumption * High resistance against ambient light * Continuous data transmission possible (up t o 2400 bps) * Suitable sever length . 10 cycles/burst Block Diagram Fig. 4. 3 Block Diagram of TSOP 1738 drill Circuit Fig. 4. 4 masking circuit 4. 3. 3 555 ( TIMER IC) Fig. 4. 5 Timer IC(555) Description The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one outside(a) resistor and capacitor.For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and affair cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit whitethorn be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to ccmA or drive TTL circuits. Features * Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 * quantify from microseconds through hours * Operates in both astable and monostable modes * adjustable duty cycle * Output can source or sink 200 mA * Output and sup ply TTL compatible * Temperature stability better than 0. 05% per C * unremarkably on and normally off output * Available in 8-pin MSOP package Applications * clearcutness timing * thump contemporaries * sequent timing * Time delay generation * Pulse width modulation * Pulse position modulation * Linear act generator 5. 3. 4 LTS 542 (7-Segment Display) Description The LTS 542 is a 0. 52 inch digit crown whiz digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. inflamed LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red facet and red segment. Fig. 4. 6 7 Segment Features * Common Anode * 0. 52 Inch Digit Height * Continuous Uniform Segments Low power Requirement * Excellent Characters visual aspect * High Brightness High stock * Wide Viewing Angle 5. 3. 5 LM7805 (Voltage Regulator) Fig. 4. 7 Voltage Regulator Description The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with some(prenomina l) fixed output voltages, reservation them multipurpose in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal electric current limiting, thermal shut down and gumshoe operating area protection, do it fundamentally indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features * Output current up to 1A * Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V * Thermal choke tax shelter * Short Circuit Protection * Output Transistor Safe operating(a) Area Protection 5. 3. 6 pass on CIRCUIT Fig. 4. 8 Relay A single pole dabble degenerate (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller.So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to oper ate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay carcass off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a robotic relay to prevent back electromotive force from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on. CHAPTER - 5 SOFTWARE DESIGN escape CHART Start Infrared Signal Transmission Interrupted from Sensor1 Interrupted from Sensor 2 Turn On Relay Counter Incremented Counter DecrementedCounter set to 0 Relay Turn send off Turn On Light Turn Off Light Fig. 4. 7 Flow chart * If the sensor 1 is disrupt premiere then the microcontroller will come across for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is branch time interrupted. * If the sensor 2 is interrupted depression then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. * When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn off. CHAPTER - 6 TESTING AND RESULTSTesting And Results We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when we turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues associate to it, which we faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise a We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then refer the data books and other materials related to its.I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired. And also the software problem. I also had some soldering i ssues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired. And also the software problem. We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got over first trouble. After getting 9V from the transformer it was not born-again to 5V and the circuit received 9V.As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the IC7805. also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completely damaged.. with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths. CHAPTER - 7 proximo EXPANSION FUTURE EXPANSION * By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications Such as fans, tube lights, and so forth * By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and closing the door. CHAPTER - 8 APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION, A DVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Application * For counting purposes * For automatic room light control * Advantages * Low cost * loose to use * Implement in single door * Disadvantages * It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be used when two person cross simultaneously. CHAPTER - 8 BIBILOGRAPHY Bibliography * Reference Books * computer programming in ANSI C E BALAGURUSAMY * The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI * The 8051 microcontroller KENNETH J. AYALA * Website * www. datasheets4u. com * www. 8051. com